Skip to content
Back to glossary
Exercise & fitness

Type I vs Type II muscle fibers

DETyp-I- und Typ-II-Muskelfasern

Your skeletal muscle has two broad fiber types: Type I (slow) and Type II (fast). They differ in their myosin type, metabolism, and contraction speed. Type I fibers are fatigue-resistant, packed with mitochondria, and run on oxygen. They dominate endurance work and Zone 2 training. Type II fibers come in subtypes (IIa, intermediate; and IIx, fast; humans lack the rodent IIb type). They produce more force and power but tire faster. Your body recruits them mainly for heavy lifting and sprinting. Here is the aging catch: Type II fibers selectively shrink and lose their nerve supply before Type I do. That drives the loss of power (dynapenia) and raises fall risk. The fix: resistance and power training selectively preserve and grow these fast fibers.

Last reviewed:

This definition is educational and is not medical advice, a diagnosis, or treatment. Talk to a doctor about any health decisions. Read our full medical disclaimer

Sources

  1. Burke RE, Levine DN, Tsairis P, Zajac FE. (1973). Physiological types and histochemical profiles in motor units of the cat gastrocnemius. *Journal of Physiology*doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010369
  2. Schiaffino S, Reggiani C. (2011). Fiber types in mammalian skeletal muscles. *Physiological Reviews*doi:10.1152/physrev.00031.2010