Berberine

Berberine is an isoquinoline alkaloid, found in several plant groups, including Berberis, goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis), and Coptis chinensis. It is sold as a dietary supplement in most places, and it is not an approved drug in the EU or US. Berberine inhibits mitochondrial complex I. That raises the AMP-to-ATP ratio, which in turn activates AMPK. In small trials, it modestly lowers fasting glucose, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides, in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. It is marketed informally as 'natural metformin'. But the evidence quality is limited, product purity varies, and it can interact with other drugs through the CYP3A4 enzyme, so use caution if you take other medicines. Its longevity use is investigational.

Last reviewed: June 22, 2026

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